Integration of nonlinear loads in modern power systems has led to many issues arising mainly dueto the generation of harmonic currents and the presence of reactive power, both having adverseeffects on power quality and grid stability. Harmonic currents cause increased losses, overheatingof equipment, and voltage distortions, while reactive power imbalances result in inefficiencies inpower delivery and compromised system performance. To overcome these problems, a Shunt ActivePower FIlter design and an optimal control strategy for harmonic mitigation and reactive powercompensation are proposed in this paper. The design incorporates an optimized anti-windup PIcontroller for DC-link voltage regulation and an optimized output filter to enhance the quality of theinjected current. This design is formulated as an optimization problem and solved using the GoldenJackal Optimizer. MATLAB/Simulink simulations validate the proposed method under differentoperating conditions, covering dynamic change of loads and unbalanced grid conditions. The resultshows a remarkable reduction in Total Harmonic Distortion (THD) of grid current, and reactive powercompensation meanwhile maintaining the stability of the grid.Keywords: Golden Jackal optimization, Shunt active power filter (SAPF), Optimal control, Power quality,Current harmonics compensation

IntroductionCancer is a leading cause of global morbidity and mortality, significantly impairing patients’quality of life (QoL). Integrated Palliative Care (IPC) has been proposed as a holisticapproach to enhance quality of life by addressing patients’ physical, emotional, and psy-chosocial needs. While some studies suggest Integrated Palliative Care improves qualityof life more than standard care, the evidence remains inconclusive. This systematic reviewand meta-analysis aim to evaluate the comparative impact of Integrated Palliative Careversus standard care on the quality of life in cancer patients.MethodsA comprehensive search of databases including PubMed, Cochrane Library, and Embase wasconducted. We selected randomized controlled trials (RCTs) comparing Integrated Palliative Careand standard care for cancer patients, focusing on the quality of life as measured by validatedtools such as the EORTC QLQ-C30 and FACT-G. Data were pooled using a random-effectsmodel to account for study heterogeneity. Subgroup and sensitivity analyses were also performed.ResultsNine randomized controlled trials involving 1,794 patients met the inclusion criteria.Meta-analysis showed that Integrated Palliative Care significantly improved quality oflife compared to standard care (SMD = 3.25; 95% CI: 1.20–5.30; p < 0.001). Studiesconducted in Asia showed the highest standardized mean difference (SMD = 6.15; 95%CI: 3.07–9.23; p < 0.001), followed closely by studies from Africa (SMD = 6.0; 95% CI:5.13–6.87; p < 0.001), compared to those from other regions. Similarly, research focusingon lung cancer patients showed the greatest standardized mean difference of (SMD =6.15; 95% CI: 3.07–9.23; p < 0.001) relative to other cancer types. Furthermore, studies
involving newly diagnosed cancer patients recorded the highest standardized mean differ-ence of (SMD = 5.69; 95% CI: 4.57–6.80; p < 0.001).ConclusionIntegrated Palliative Care significantly enhances the quality of life in cancer patients comparedto standard care. These findings support integrating Integrated Palliative Care into oncologypractices to provide comprehensive, patient-centered care that addresses both physical andemotional needs. Further research should explore long-term benefits across diverse populations.

Abstract: The egg quality measurements were undertaken as egg weight loss (%), shell thickness,Haugh unit, yolk height, yolk width, yolk index and albumen height. The non-sprayed chickeneggs showed a higher weight loss percentage of 3.07% within 15 days of storage. However, itwas shown to be lower the weight loss of 0.48% when sprayed. Even though a progressivedecrease in yolk height, albumen height, yolk index and Haugh unit values were shown as thestorage period advances, sprayed eggs which resulted to be greater within each storage periodthan non-sprayed eggs. Non- sprayed eggs stored for 15, 10, 5, and 0 day had a Haugh unit valueof 52.42±2.66, 73.29±6.44, 77.51±3.88 and 85.72 ± 2.85, respectively. Whereas, Haugh unitvalues were shown as 82.43±4.31, 82.90 ±4.43, 84.73 ±3.25 and 85.52±6.37 respectively whichrecorded after spraying. There were significant differences (P < 0.05) in moisture percentage, fatand protein content among non-sprayed eggs kept for different storage period. But percentage ofash and carbohydrate were unaffected. There was gradually decreased in the percentage ofmoisture, fat and protein content as the storage period advances.Keywords: Haugh unit, Albumen height, Fat, Protein, Ash, Carbohydrate

Background Ethical dilemmas in emergency and critical care nursing often involve complex decision-makingthat impacts patient outcomes, emotional well-being of healthcare providers, and team dynamics. Understandingthese dilemmas and the decision-making processes involved is crucial for improving nursing practices and patientoutcomes in this context.Objective This study aims to explore the ethical dilemmas and decision-making processes of emergency and criticalcare nurses, using the Four Box. Method ethical decision-making framework.Methods A multi-method qualitative approach was employed, incorporating in-depth individual interviews(IDI), focus group discussions (FGD), and case studies to capture diverse perspectives. Data were collected from28 nurses working in emergency and critical care settings at Tibebe Ghion Specialized Hospital and Felege HiwotComprehensive Specialized Hospital through purposive sampling. The interviews and focus groups were audiorecorded, transcribed verbatim in Amharic, translated into English, and entered into OpenCode software for analysis.Inductive thematic analysis method was applied to analyze the data.Results The study revealed several key ethical dilemmas faced by nurses, including balancing patient autonomywith beneficence, and the allocation of limited resources during crises, opioid administration for pain managementvs. respiratory depression, and conflicts regarding informed consent. Nurses reported emotional and professionalimpacts from these dilemmas, contributing to moral distress, burnout, and ethical fatigue. Nurses emphasizedthe importance of interdisciplinary collaboration and structured decision-making frameworks to navigate thesechallenges. However, the lack of consistent access to ethics consultations and peer support during critical momentswas noted as a significant barrier.Conclusion and recommendation Nurses encounter complex ethical dilemmas that impact their emotional well-being and job satisfaction. Effective decision-making requires applying ethical principles, adhering to guidelines,and consulting peers. The study reveals the need for improved support systems, including more frequent and
comprehensive ethics training, better access to ethics consultations, and structured frameworks to guide decision-making in high-pressure situations.Clinical trial registration The study is not a clinical trial, a clinical trial number is not applicable.Keywords Ethical dilemma, Decision making, Emergency and critical care, Nursing

Sea access is one of the major questions for landlocked states. Ethiopia is one of the largest landlocked states in Africa. Historically, it had sea ports and controlled the surrounding coastal territories. However, the country has been a landlocked state since the independence of Eritrea. Studies showed that being landlocked in Ethiopia resulted in diversified potential problems in the state. This problem, now, pushed Ethiopians, including the PM Abiy Ahmed, to reclaim their sea access in the Red Sea region. The current quest of Ethiopians about sea access faced difficulties because the coastal states, such as Eritrea, Djibouti, and Somalia, geographically detached Ethiopia from the Red Sea coast. The purpose of the research is, therefore, to analyze the rational possibilities of Ethiopia to get sea access. The researcher will reflect on Ethiopia’s current capability, which enables the evaluation of whether Ethiopia realizes its quest or not. Moreover, the quest for sea access resulted in security problems, which is the manifestation of the Horn region from below. So, the study will address how Ethiopia harnesses its quest without affecting other states' national interests and the Horn's security. To address these questions, the researchers collected both primary and secondary data that will be collected through interviews, questionnaires, documents, and discourse analysis. Finally, the collected data will be analyzed through a mixed approach. Lastly, the study will have the following two dominant roles. Firstly, it will contribute to the government as an input to effectively address the sea quest in the Horn region. Second, the overall result of the study will be a vital reference to readers as a source of knowledge. The findings of the study will be disseminated through seminars, conferences, and publications. The mega research will be accomplished in May 2025, and it will cost 320,000 Birr. Key Words: Ethiopia, Horn of Africa Sea, sea access, regional security, security dilemma

The work presented in this paper focuses on formulating the development of time-dependent electromagneticfield laws through the application of Gauss’s divergence theorem. The first part of the discussion looks at thebasic ideas of electromagnetism. It focuses on how classical formulations of the laws of electromagnetism can beadapted to account for non-stationary conditions, especially regarding magnetic fluids that don’t conduct elec-tricity. It is suggested that employing Gauss’s divergence theorem could help improve the computational analysisof these generalized equations, which would make them more useful in magnetic fluid dynamics. The paperexamines the intricate interactions between non-conductive particles and conductive fluids under magneticfields. By putting these interactions into a single theoretical framework, this work aims to help us understandnon-stationary electromagnetic phenomena and how they affect many different scientific and engineering fields.The concluding section of the study examines the prospective practical applications of these extended equations.They could enable the development of more advanced electromagnetic devices and systems. Creating a strong setof analytical tools that can find new scientific paths and useful applications is the main goal of the study,particularly in the areas of electromagnetic induction and fluid dynamics. This research offers potential forsubstantial progress in both theoretical comprehension and technological advancement, The proposed method isapplicable to real-world systems such as ferrofluid-based cooling, magnetic dampers, plasma generators, andsmart electromagnetic devices. These applications demonstrate the practical benefits of coupling field behaviorwith boundary dynamics using Gauss’s theorem.
Keywords: Gauss theorem, Non-conductive;Magnetic, Non-stationary, Fluids, Induction

Accurate regulation of the liquid level in a quadruple tank system (QTS) is not easy and imposes higherrequirements on control strategies, so the design of controllers in these systems is challenging dueto the difficulty of dynamic analysis of its nonlinear characteristics and parametric uncertainties.To overcome these problems in liquid level regulation and increase the robustness to the pumpcoefficients, this article proposes and investigates the use of an optimal hybrid fractional-ordertype-2 fuzzy-PID (OH-FO-T2F-PID) regulator using a combination of two bio-inspired evolutionaryoptimizers, namely augmented grey wolf optimizer and cuckoo search optimizer, which gives rise tothe new hybrid A-GWOCS algorithm. This control mechanism was chosen to facilitate the convergenceof the water liquids in the two tanks as quickly as possible to the corresponding required values. Inaddition, a collaborative optimization technique with several objectives is used to adjust the regulatorparameters. The capability and efficiency of the suggested regulator is first investigated throughcomputer simulation results and then confirmed by real-time control experimental results on the QTSbased on dSPACE 1104 computation engine. The findings showed that the suggested OH-FO-T2F-PIDregulator significantly outperformed both the optimized ADRC and the OH-FO-T1F-PID regulators.Specifically, it reduced the rising time by 17.02% and 95.21%, respectively, and the settling time by25.13% and 74.28%. Additionally, the designed OH-FO-T2F-PID regulator successfully eliminatedthe steady-state error and overshoot, enabling precise regulation of the QTS, and maintenance theliquid level at the desired set point under a wide range of working situations. The robustness of therecommended regulator is also studied by considering − 50% disturbance in the QTS parameters, andthe findings showed that the OH-FO-T2F-PID regulator is less susceptible to variations in parameters.Keywords: Quadruple tank system (QTS), Optimal hybrid fractional order type 2 fuzzy PID regulator,Hybrid A-GWOCSO algorithm, Multi-objective optimization, dSPACE 1104 computation engine

Studies indicate that students who have access to highly qualified teachers tendto achieve at a higher rate, regardless of other factors. However, the essenceof quality teaching and teacher quality has not been adequately establishedin these studies. Nonetheless, recent developments favoring integrationshave led to three lines of teaching quality research: professional standards,value-added measures, and student evaluations. This study explores howthe quality of mathematics and English language teachers is associated withstudents’ achievement using a professional standard observation tool for studentevaluation. A representative multistage sample of students and teachers selectedfrom high schools in the East Gojjam Administrative Zone participated in thestudy. By using the domains in the Framework for Teaching (FfT) as indicatorsof teaching quality, the study identified the indicators that are associated withthe academic achievement of students in mathematics and English subjects. Amultiple linear regression analysis was used to study the relationships betweenthe independent variables (teachers’ quality indicators) and the dependentvariable (students’ grade 10 exam scores). Of the four domains of FfT, the deliveryof instruction revealed a positive and significant association (sig = 016) withstudents’ scores in the English language. The delivery of instruction encompassescommunicating with students, using questioning and discussion techniques,and demonstrating flexibility and responsiveness, which are positively associatedwith students’ scores in the English language. Conversely, managing classroomprocedures was the only subdomain associated (sig = 014) with an increasein students’ mathematics scores. Accordingly, suggestions are made for furtherresearch and practice.KEYWORDS: teacher quality, FFT, achievement, domains, effectiveness

Background: An edible oil factory is a labor-intensive and technologically complex industry, with workers potentially exposed to a variety of dangers associated with such industries. Personal protective equipment is a universal, legal requirement, and an important strategy for preventing occupational injuries and illnesses caused by workplace hazards. However, such industries receive little attention, especially in Ethiopia.
Objective: To assess personal protective equipment utilization and its associated factors among workers in the PhiBela edible oil factory in Burie, Ethiopia, in 2022.
Methods: A cross-sectional study was employed among the PhiBela edible oil factory workers in Burie. A simple random sampling technique was used to select 389 PhiBela edible oil factory workers. Face-to-face interviews and self-administered structured questionnaires were used to collect data on workers' protective equipment utilization practice, socio-demographic, work-related, environmental, and organizational factors. Data was analyzed using SPSS version 25. The logistic regression method was used to see factors associated with workers' protective equipment utilization. The strength of the association was calculated using an odds ratio at 95% confidence intervals.
Results: Of the total workers, 216, 55.52% (48.33-57.78) workers utilize personal protective equipment in the factory. The study showed safety training [AOR (4.68, 95%CI (2.76-7.45)], availability of personal protective equipment [AOR = 4.86; 95%CI: 2.23-6.98], regular health and safety supervision [AOR = 2.751; 95%CI: 1.806-3.801], availability of safety guideline at workplace [AOR = 3.798; 95%CI: 1.248-6.173], having work experience 3 years and above [AOR = 1.64; 95%CI: 1.06-2.18], not using alcohol [AOR = 3.07; 95%CI: 2.11-4.76], and not smoking cigarette [AOR = 1.88; 95%CI: 1.55-3.11] were predictors of personal protective equipment utilization.
Conclusion: The level of personal protective equipment utilization among Phibela edible oil factory workers is 55.52%, which is moderate when compared to other studies done in developing countries. The presence of Safety training, availability of personal protective equipment, regular health and safety supervision, availability of guidelines at workplaces, having work experiences, not using alcohol, and cigarrete smoking were factors found to be a significant predictors of personal protective equipment utilization. As a result, close workplace supervision, safety training, and availing guidelines are the recommendations to be in place.

Keywords: Ethiopia; Utilization; factory worker; personal protective equipment.

Background: An edible oil factory is a labor-intensive and technologically complex industry, with workers potentially exposed to a variety of dangers associated with such industries. Personal protective equipment is a universal, legal requirement, and an important strategy for preventing occupational injuries and illnesses caused by workplace hazards. However, such industries receive little attention, especially in Ethiopia.
Objective: To assess personal protective equipment utilization and its associated factors among workers in the PhiBela edible oil factory in Burie, Ethiopia, in 2022.
Methods: A cross-sectional study was employed among the PhiBela edible oil factory workers in Burie. A simple random sampling technique was used to select 389 PhiBela edible oil factory workers. Face-to-face interviews and self-administered structured questionnaires were used to collect data on workers' protective equipment utilization practice, socio-demographic, work-related, environmental, and organizational factors. Data was analyzed using SPSS version 25. The logistic regression method was used to see factors associated with workers' protective equipment utilization. The strength of the association was calculated using an odds ratio at 95% confidence intervals.
Results: Of the total workers, 216, 55.52% (48.33-57.78) workers utilize personal protective equipment in the factory. The study showed safety training [AOR (4.68, 95%CI (2.76-7.45)], availability of personal protective equipment [AOR = 4.86; 95%CI: 2.23-6.98], regular health and safety supervision [AOR = 2.751; 95%CI: 1.806-3.801], availability of safety guideline at workplace [AOR = 3.798; 95%CI: 1.248-6.173], having work experience 3 years and above [AOR = 1.64; 95%CI: 1.06-2.18], not using alcohol [AOR = 3.07; 95%CI: 2.11-4.76], and not smoking cigarette [AOR = 1.88; 95%CI: 1.55-3.11] were predictors of personal protective equipment utilization.
Conclusion: The level of personal protective equipment utilization among Phibela edible oil factory workers is 55.52%, which is moderate when compared to other studies done in developing countries. The presence of Safety training, availability of personal protective equipment, regular health and safety supervision, availability of guidelines at workplaces, having work experiences, not using alcohol, and cigarrete smoking were factors found to be a significant predictors of personal protective equipment utilization. As a result, close workplace supervision, safety training, and availing guidelines are the recommendations to be in place.

Keywords: Ethiopia; Utilization; factory worker; personal protective equipment.