ABSTRACT Background: Blood donation is vital for saving lives, yet Ethiopia faces chronic shortages. Bridging the gap between willingness and actual donation is essential for sustaining blood supplies. This study examined socio-demographic, psychological, and contextual factors influencing blood donation intention and practice in East Gojjam Zone. Methods: A community-based cross-sectional survey of 1,332 urban adults who met inclusion criteria was conducted using multistage cluster sampling. Data were collected via a structured, pre-tested questionnaire. Descriptive statistics summarized donation patterns, while binary logistic and Zero-Inflated Negative Binomial regressions identified predictors of donation intention and frequency, respectively. Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) examined associations among socio-demographic characteristics, psychological factors, donation intention, practice, and behavior. Results: Although 74.8% (95% CI: 72.5–77.1) expressed willingness to donate, only 28.8% (95% CI: 26.4–31.2) had ever donated, and 20.7% (95% CI: 18.5–22.9) had donated in the past two years. Male gender, younger age, higher education, and employment in health or education sectors positively predicted intention and practice. Psychological factors—including self-efficacy (β = 0.53), positive attitudes (β = 0.46), knowledge (β = 0.38), altruism, and social influence (β = 0.28)—were strongly associated with donation. SEM confirmed that intention strongly predicted actual donation (β = 0.62). Barriers included fear of needles, health concerns, and limited awareness. Conclusions: Despite high willingness, actual donation remains low. Multi-sectoral, culturally sensitive strategies—addressing fears, improving knowledge, leveraging social influence, and enhancing accessibility—are critical, especially for women, older adults, and less-educated individuals, to build a resilient, community-driven blood supply. Keywords: Blood donation, intention, practice, socio-demographic factors, psychological determinants, Ethiopia, Structural Equation Modeling

Bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) is vital for over a third of the global population but facessignificant production challenges due to limited adaptable varieties, poor management practices,and environmental factors. New wheat varieties often fail in unfamiliar environments, leading tocrop loss. To address this issue, a study was conducted to evaluate the adaptability, performance,and yield stability of recently released high-performing wheat varieties over two years (2020/2021 and 2021/2022) in four districts of the East Gujjar Zone: Machakel, Debre Elias, Gozamin,and Baso-Liben. The trials were set up using a randomized complete block design (RCBD) withthree replications, and data were collected on the main traits such as days to heading, maturity,plant height, tiller number, spike length, spikelet’s per spike, biomass, and grain yield. AMMI andGEE biplot analysis were used to study genotype by environmental interaction. The combinedanalysis of variance for grain yield showed highly significant effects (P < 0.001) due to genotype(4.98 %), environment (66.83 %), and genotype × environment interaction (31.96 %). Grainyield varied across the environments, ranging from 3.72 t ha 1in Baso-Liben to 3.11 t ha 1 inMachakel. Among the genotypes, Ogolcho had the highest mean yield (4.55 t ha 1), whereasWane had the lowest (2.70 t ha 1). Genotype-by-environment interaction biplot analysis groupedthe eight test environments and six genotypes into two mega-environments and three genotypegroups. Wane, Lemu, and Ogolcho were the stable genotypes. This analysis identified the mostfavorable districts for wheat production and highlighted Ogolcho as the most productive wheatvariety in the study area. The results suggest that farmers in these districts should adopt Ogolchoto enhance wheat yield and increase their income.
Keywords: AMMI, GGE, GIE, PCA, Stability, Wheat

This study was aimed to formulate formal and non-formal Geez language revitalization strategies by specifically exploring indigenous teaching strategies, analyzing pedagogical interfaces and needs, and assessing practical off-class revitalization strategies. Exploratory Mixed methods design was utilized an experiential qualitative design complemented by descriptive assessment to explore participants' lived experiences and perceptions. The research participants were traditional church teachers teaching Geʽez integrating with religious contents in Reading, Qene, and Literature schools under Ethiopian Orthodox Tewahedo Church (EOTC) education system. Qualitative data were gathered through in-depth interview and video-supported observations, which were analyzed thematically. The study made use of Geez language professionals and practitioners from Bahir Dar and Debre Markos Universities to prioritize relevant non-formal revitalization strategies. Findings revealed that indigenous teaching uses some teacher-centered and more student-centered indigenous methods that converge and diverge with traditional and innovative pedagogies of designing, implementing and assessing Geez language. Irrespective of the delayed learning of comprehension and minimal use of functional communication, the indigenous methods church teachers used were generally more practical and effective, especially in areas such as Qene and literature schools resulting in quicker and accurate mastery of the language. The analysis of linguistic necessities and wants revealed that all skills with the emphasis of vocabulary, grammar, reading and speaking were prioritized. Integration into church schools, media, cultural events, and language nests wre selected as significant language revitalization strategies selected for both inside and outside of school settings. The study concluded that the productive indigenous methods of teaching Geʽez could complement modern language teaching pedagogies, addressing gaps in both approaches. It recommended that language professionals learn from indigenous practices and suggested that Geʽez teachers adapt these practices with modern pedagogical principles. Lastly, language program designers and educators were encouraged to reconsider effective pedagogical interfaces to address challenges in all aspects language teaching: design, implementation and assessment.

Landslides are prevalent in the Ethiopian highlands, particularly in the east Gojjam zone, which is highly affectedby landslide problems. This research was carried out in the east Gojjam zone, northwestern Ethiopia. The studyarea is part of an economically important area in the country, and it is the main source of water for the GrandEthiopian Renaissance Dam (GERD). The main objective of this work was to undertake a detailed inventory ofpast landslide locations and prediction of present and future landslide hazards, as well as the preparation of alandslide zonation map in the East Gojjam zone by using the Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) with the GIStechnique. The parameters used for this study were slope degree, slope aspect, land use and land cover, roadproximity, rainfall, lithology, altitude, and river proximity. The various causative parameters were collected fromthe field, and suitable modifications were made to the thematic maps. Finally, the ratings for various parameterswere used as the basis to prepare the LHZ map in GIS windows. The landslide susceptibility and inventorymapping were produced in the GIS environment. The results of the study show that the main driving factors forthe landslide hazards in the area were river proximity, rainfall, and manmade activities. Validation of this LHZmap revealed that more than 80% of past landslides match within the "high hazard zone" and reasonablyaccepted the rationality of the adopted methodology. The considered parameters, as well as their evaluation ofthe production of LHZ-Map, were confirmed. The produced landslide inventory map is very important for urbanplanners, agricultural studies, environmentalists, and future landslide hazardous prevention and mitigationstrategies.
Keywords: GIS, AHP, Inventory mapping, Causative factors, Landslides

Study region: The study area is located in the East Gojjam zone, Amhara, Ethiopia; the area coversthe Choke Mount and is surrounded by the Abbay River.Study focus: The primary focus of the study was assessing the possible groundwater sites in theselected area using the Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) with the Geographic InformationSystem (GIS) approach for groundwater exploration and investigation.New hydrological insights for the region: Water is a very important resource used to the day-to-dayactivities in our life, which is found naturally on the surface and subsurface of the Earth. Thestudy area is a part of a nation-wide economically significant region in Ethiopia and the Horn. Thearea is the primary water supply (Choke Mountain) for the Ethiopian Grand Ethiopian Renais-sance Dam (GERD) receives the highest water supply from this region. The results of the studyshow that the groundwater potential zones in the area are mapped as poor, moderate, high, andvery high groundwater potential areas. The Validations of the results were made using theborehole log data, and reasonably accepted the rationality of the adopted methodology. Theconsidered parameters, as well as their evaluation of the production of the groundwater potentialMap, were confirmed. The produced Groundwater potential map is very important for IrrigationEngineers, domestic water supply studies, agricultural studies, environmentalists, and futuregroundwater conservation strategies.
Keywords: GIS, AHP, Groundwater potentials, East Gojjam, Ethiopia

Background: Digital health data hubs contribute significantly to finding the right solutions to health problems, which forms the basis for achieving sustainable development goals. However, in Ethiopia, the health system has been coming to one central hub for all data, there is limited evidence of health professionals' intentions to use these systems. Understanding their intentions is crucial, as this can significantly improve the advancement of digital health in healthcare organizations. This study assessed health professionals' intention to use digital health data hubs in hospitals in East Gojjam, northwest Ethiopia, in 2024.
Methods: A cross-sectional study design was used to conduct the study. Eleven hospitals were included in the study area. Using an a priori structural equation modeling sample size calculator, the total sample size was 616. Stratified proportional allocation sampling was performed. The study participants were selected using a systematic sample. Structural equation modeling (SEM) was used for the analysis. Because it is a more powerful multivariate technique for testing and evaluating multivariate causal relationships. The assumptions of SEM-like normality, average variance extracted (AVE), composite reliability (CR), Cronbach's alpha, confirmatory factor analysis (CFA), and model specifications were checked using Amos and Stata version 16.
Results: This study was conducted with a sample size of 616 healthcare professionals; 591 (95.94%) responded to the survey. The results showed that 57.69% (n = 341) of the healthcare professionals intended to use the digital health data hub. Further analysis showed that perceived usefulness (PU: β = 0.576, p = 0.000), perceived trust (PT: β = 0.116, p = 0.022), and attitude (β = 0.143, p = 0.043) significantly and positively influenced health professionals' intention to use digital health data hubs.
Conclusion: Overall, the findings showed that 42.31% of health professionals have low intention to use digital health data hubs. These shall be needed to improve their intentions to use digital health data hubs through targeted interventions. Therefore, focusing on critical factors, such as perceived usefulness, trust, and attitude are crucial factors to reinforce their intention to use the system. Additionally, overcoming implementation challenges and building trust is critical to the successful integration and use of digital health data hubs.

ABSTRACT The main objective of the research is to investigate iron deposit by using petrographic, geochemical, XRD and geophysical results. To achieve the desired objective, secondary data compilation and interpretation, field work and post-field work (including petrographic result, geochemical result, XRD and geophysical result analysis) have been conducted. The study area is comprised of both Mesozoic sedimentary rocks and Tertiary - Quaternary volcanic rocks. The sedimentary rocks include sandstone, limestone, and shale, whereas the volcanic rocks are basalt and trachyte. Ternary diagrams of Al2O3-Fe2O3-SiO2 are commonly used to determine the degree of laterization. As laterization progresses increases, silica is leached out of the rock, leaving behind iron oxides. Fe2O3-rich samples are indicative of higher degrees of lateritization, while SiO2-rich composition experienced weak lateritization (Meyer et al., 2002). Data points for iron ore samples from the study area, were plotted in moderate to strong lateritization field. Hematite, magnetite, goethite and siderite are the primary ore minerals, according to both polished section petrography and XRD investigations. Furthermore, the main gangue phases in the region are anatase, quartz and kaolinite. The mineral concentration is between 20.16 and 71.88% hematite, 7–40% goethite, 1–30 siderite, and 1-3 percent magnetite. Approximately 5–10.5% kaolinite, 3–25% quartz, and 0.5% anatase are among the related gangue minerals. Varying amplitudes of magnetic anomaly signature indicates that the ore body is not evenly distributed along the respective profile across the study area and the ore bodies suspected to be magnetic mineral exist near surface to medium depth which is between 23.33m to 52.5m. Iron occurrence resource estimation was done by a conventional approach methods, such as, resources = A (m2) *T (m) * ρ (g/cm3). As a result the total tonnage of iron resource is about 17,844,964.452 tons. Key words: Iron deposit, magnetic anomaly, geochemical result, geological map, host rock

Background Providing timely first-aid by trained responders can reduce deaths and disabilities from road trafficaccidents, a leading global cause of death. Ethiopia ranks 19th worldwide and 4th in Africa. Therefore, this studyassesses the knowledge and, attitudes toward emergency first aid, and its factors among public transport drivers inInjibara, Ethiopia.Objective To assess the Knowledge, and Attitude towards first-aid utilization and its associated factors among PublicTransport Service Drivers in Injibara, Northwest Ethiopia, 2023.Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted involving 419 public transport drivers, selected systematicallybased on vehicle side numbers, starting with a random choice for the first respondent. Subsequent participants werechosen at every second interval (k = 2). A structured questionnaire was used to collect relevant data. Binary logisticregression was performed using SPSS V.26 to assess the associations between independent and dependent variables.The strength of these associations was measured using odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals, with a P-value < 0.05deemed statistically significant.Result The study revealed that the prevalence of good knowledge and favorable attitudes toward first-aid utilizationwas 33.2% and 38.2%, respectively. Participation in first-aid training (AOR = 0.566, p = 0.027), access to a first-aid kit(AOR = 1.65, p = 0.027), and prior experience using first-aid at accident scenes (AOR = 0.476, p = 0.014) were factorsassociated with better first-aid utilization. Drivers who had used a first-aid kit (AOR = 0.476, p = 0.014) and thoseexposed to training (AOR = 0.486, p = 0.034) demonstrated more positive attitudes toward first aid.Conclusion The knowledge and attitude toward first-aid utilization remain low. Participation in first-aid training,access to first-aid kits, and experience using them during accidents were factors associated with improvedknowledge. Additionally, drivers who have used first-aid kits and received training tend to have a favorable attitude
toward their use. Therefore, relevant authorities must enhance the availability of first-aid kits, increase the exposure ofdrivers, and provide training to drivers to increase their knowledge and favorable attitude towards first-aid utilization.Clinical trial number Not applicable.Keywords Knowledge, Attitude, First aid, Transport service, Ethiopia

Small scale irrigation (SSI) technologies offer a promising solution to address challenges of low agricultural productivity, unreliable rainfall, and rural poverty in Ethiopia. However, their performance and sustainability remain inconsistent, particularly in regions like East Gojjam Zone, Amhara Region. This study aimed to assess the adoption trends, performance challenges, and economic viability of furrow irrigation and motor pump systems across two districts Debre Elias and Machakel. A cross sectional, mixedmethods design was employed, drawing on data from 280 smallholder farmers selected through a multistage sampling procedure. Descriptive analysis showed moderate irrigation access, but a 25.4% overall defect rate raised concerns about technology reliability. Binary logistic regression identified income, credit access, and training as key factors reducing defect occurrence, while motor pump use and larger irrigated areas increased risk. Economic analysis revealed that furrow systems were more profitable, yielding a higher five year Net Present Value and Benefit Cost Ratio than motor pumps. Despite these gains, sustainability challenges persisted, including soil degradation and inefficient water use. The study also found notable district level variation, with furrow systems dominating in Debre Elias due to affordability, and topography favoring gravity flow and motor pumps preferred in Machakel for their productivity potential. Qualitative findings highlighted high maintenance costs and limited institutional support as barriers to sustained use. Based on these insights, the study recommends strengthening farmer access to credit, improving training services, and upgrading irrigation technologies to enhance the long term impact of SSI on smallholder livelihoods and agricultural sustainability

This study investigates the status of biomass stove usage in East Gojjam, Ethiopia, and evaluates the health, economic, and environmental benefits of an improved biomass stove which was designed and fabricated using locally available materials. Major challenges in the study areas were uses of traditional three-stone stoves, which are inefficient and produce harmful emissions. The study aims to assess the status of stoves used, source, amount and type of biomass consumption per household, to analyze the health impact of improved biomass stove with conventional stove and to analyze the economic and environmental impact of the conventional and improved stove.Two stove models were fabricated: one for household use and another for institutional settings. Construction materials included angle iron, sheet metal, ceramic tiles, sand, and clay for insulation. Eucalyptus wood a commonly used local biomass fuel was standardized for all testing, including oven drying and storage procedures. Performance evaluation was based on cooking time, fuel consumption, and emissions (CO and PM2.5), using laboratory and field tests. Additional data were collected through surveys, interviews, focus group discussions, and direct observations from 400 households across three districts: Dejen, Yedwuha and Debrework.According to the result; the improved biomass stove significantly outperformed the conventional three stone stove: reducing cooking time by 51.61%, fuel consumption by 12.34%, carbon monoxide emissions by 99.72%, and PM2.5 emissions by 75.52%. It also demonstrated substantial environmental benefits, including lower firewood demand and reduced deforestation. Economically, households saved over 3,225 birr per year in fuel and time costs.In conclusion, the improved biomass stove offers a viable, scalable solution to Ethiopia’s household energy and health challenges. Its adoption can significantly mitigate household air pollution, improve public health, reduce environmental degradation, and strengthen economic resilience, particularly for women and children. The study recommends expanding the dissemination of the improved biomass stoves through targeted policy support, community education, and financing mechanisms.