Introduction Functional disability in older adults refers to difficulties in performing daily activities. It is usuallyevaluated based on an individual’s ability to carry out basic activities of daily living and instrumental activities of dailyliving. Although existing studies provide valuable insights, comprehensive global data on functional disability inbasic and instrumental activities of daily living among older adults remain limited. This study aims to review existingresearch worldwide to estimate the overall pooled prevalence of functional disability in these areas.Methods Systematic searches were conducted across EMBASE, Scopus, PubMed/MEDLINE, and Google Scholar fromMay 5 to July 11, 2024. Cross-sectional studies worldwide on functional disability in basic and instrumental activitiesof daily living among adults aged 60 and older, published in English up to July 11, 2024 were included. Studies wereexcluded if they did not report the outcomes of interest, were inaccessible, case reports, low quality, review articles,or published in languages other than English. Data extraction and cleaning were performed using Microsoft Excel,and STATA version 17 was used to compute the pooled effect size with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for functionaldisability in both basic activities of daily living and instrumental activities of daily living among older adults. Toderive these estimates, we used weighted averages, where each study’s prevalence was weighted by the inverse ofits variance. Study heterogeneity was assessed using the Cochrane I² statistic and its associated p-value. Subgroupanalysis and meta-regression were conducted to identify sources of heterogeneity. Sensitivity analysis was used toevaluate the impact of individual studies on the overall results. Publication bias was assessed with Egger’s test andfunnel plots, and was addressed through trim-and-fill analysis.Results This review includes 35 studies with a total of 133,827 participants. The pooled prevalence of functionaldisability in basic activities of daily living was estimated at 26.07% (95% CI: 19.04–32.74), while on instrumentalactivities of daily living, it was estimated at 45.15% (95% CI: 36.02–54.29). After applying the trim-and-fill method,the adjusted overall prevalence of disability in basic activities of daily living was 15.12%, (a 95% CI: 11.25–19.13%).
subgroup analysis showed highest prevalence in Africa (BADL: 42.91%, IADL: 69.34%) and lowest in Asia (BADL:19.15%, IADL: 32.66%). Participants aged 65 and above, those in institutional settings, and studies with smaller samplesizes tended to report higher levels of functional disability.Conclusions Nearly one-fourth of the study participants had functional disability related to basic activities of dailyliving, while about half experienced disability in instrumental activities of daily living. This emphasizes the needfor continued effort in improving the quality of life and support systems for individuals facing functional disability,particularly in instrumental activities.Keywords Basic activities of daily living, Functional disability, Instrumental activities of daily living, Older adults.

The goal of natural language processing (NLP), which has recently gained popularity, is to improve the ca-pacity of computers to comprehend and interact with human language. Consequently, to converse usingnatural language, it is crucial that spoken language be grammatically correct, especially for Geéz language.Geéz language sentences must follow certain norms of agreement in terms of number, person, gender, tense,and other factors to be considered grammatically correct. If the input sentence in Geéz language is improper,then it can have problems with subject-verb agreement, object-verb agreement, adjective-noun agreement,and adverb-verb agreement. The goal of the proposed work is to provide a neural machine translation ap-proach for detecting and correcting grammar errors in Geéz sentences. We have prepared manually 11,490Geéz parallel corpuses (Geéz language grammatically incorrect and grammatically correct sentences). Afterwe have prepared a parallel Geéz sentence, we have used normalization, tokenization, padding, and one hotencoding as preprocesses. We have used two deep learning algorithms, including a bidirectional long short-term memory encoder-decoder and a long short-term memory encoder-decoder, for training the proposedmodel. Keras and TensorFlow were used for importing the required libraries, and we used the Python 3.7 en-vironment for implementation. Two test cases are used for the evaluation technique. The first one is for thelong short-term memory encoder-decoder model, and the second one is for the bidirectional long short-termmemory encoder-decoder model. Finally, the bidirectional long short-term memory encoder-decoder modelachieved best results with an accuracy of 82%, recall of 82%, precision of 85%, and F1-measure of 83% withbalanced error type classes.CCS Concepts: • Computing methodologies → Machine translation;Additional Key Words and Phrases: NMT, GSD, GGEH, NLP, DL, LSTM, BILSTM

Bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) is vital for over a third of the global population but facessignificant production challenges due to limited adaptable varieties, poor management practices,and environmental factors. New wheat varieties often fail in unfamiliar environments, leading tocrop loss. To address this issue, a study was conducted to evaluate the adaptability, performance,and yield stability of recently released high-performing wheat varieties over two years (2020/2021 and 2021/2022) in four districts of the East Gujjar Zone: Machakel, Debre Elias, Gozamin,and Baso-Liben. The trials were set up using a randomized complete block design (RCBD) withthree replications, and data were collected on the main traits such as days to heading, maturity,plant height, tiller number, spike length, spikelet’s per spike, biomass, and grain yield. AMMI andGEE biplot analysis were used to study genotype by environmental interaction. The combinedanalysis of variance for grain yield showed highly significant effects (P < 0.001) due to genotype(4.98 %), environment (66.83 %), and genotype × environment interaction (31.96 %). Grainyield varied across the environments, ranging from 3.72 t ha 1in Baso-Liben to 3.11 t ha 1 inMachakel. Among the genotypes, Ogolcho had the highest mean yield (4.55 t ha 1), whereasWane had the lowest (2.70 t ha 1). Genotype-by-environment interaction biplot analysis groupedthe eight test environments and six genotypes into two mega-environments and three genotypegroups. Wane, Lemu, and Ogolcho were the stable genotypes. This analysis identified the mostfavorable districts for wheat production and highlighted Ogolcho as the most productive wheatvariety in the study area. The results suggest that farmers in these districts should adopt Ogolchoto enhance wheat yield and increase their income.
Keywords: AMMI, GGE, GIE, PCA, Stability, Wheat

Chickpea is a self-pollinated, diploid, and annual plant (2x = 2n = 16). After peas and beans, it is the most important legumein the world. Reduced chickpea production and productivity have been significantly influenced by the lack of improvedand adaptable genotypes, poor management practices, biotic factors such as disease and pests, and abiotic factors includingfluctuating rainfall and temperature. New chickpea genotypes introduced in Northern Ethiopia lack adaptability, stability,and performance evaluation, resulting in crop losses for farmers due to their susceptibility to the new and variable environment. To address these challenges, recently released high-yielding genotypes, alongside a standard check, were evaluatedfor adaptability, performance, and yield stability over 2 years (2022/2023 and 2023/2024) in three districts (Shebel, Awabel,and, Jabitenan) of Northern Ethiopia across six multienvironment field trials each employing a randomized complete blockdesign with three replications. SAS 9.4 and R software were used, showing significant differences in crop phenological stages,growth, and yield parameters across years and locations for test traits. Genotype, location, and year interactions significantlyinfluenced all Kabuli chickpea genotypes. The highest combined mean grain yield was obtained from genotype “Arerti”(2.42 t ha-1) followed by “Yelbie” (2.18 t ha-1), which explained their best performance among the tested genotypes. Analysis ofvariance revealed significant interactions and differences between genotypes and environments, with 15.6% of the variationin grain yield attributed to environmental factors, 6.4% to genotype differences, and 11.4% to genotype-by-environment interactions. The Genotype and Genotype × Environment biplot and Additive Main Effect and Multiplicative Interaction analysisidentified stable genotypes, representative environments, and interesting genotype–environment interactions. GenotypesArerti, Chefe, and Yelbie were identified as stable based on Genotype and Genotype × Environment biplot and Additive MainEffect and Multiplicative Interaction analysis. Environments Shebel and Jabitenan were identified as representative amongall environments considered.

The study area is one of the biggest gorges in southeast Ethiopia formed by the Wabe Shebelle river. The road wasconstructed to connect Gasera to Indeto. The study aimed to map and gives some mitigation strategies forgeohazards along the road corridor in Southeast Ethiopia using a GIS with AHP & FR technique within the 3 kmbuffer zones along the road corridor. The study included field investigations and inventorying, characterizationof geological situations, assessments of the hydrogeological conditions, and identification of slope instabilityvariables. A GIS technique was used to map an LSM with the combination of two models (AHP and FR). The studyused eight factors: slope, aspect, lithology, rainfall, altitude, road proximity, river proximity, and land use/cover.The results of the study revealed that LSZ maps performed using FR and AHP were 64.5 % and 69 % and-theinventory shows high and very high LSZ respectively. Rockfalls, debris/earth slides, and rockslides arecommonly observed landslides in the area. Based on the analysis lithology (basaltic and limestone formations)showed the highest contributions for landslide in the area. Slope and aspects show the most frequent landslidehazards in >40, 30–40◦, and east, and northeast respectively. Generally, the study found that lithology, slope,and aspect were the main factors contributing to slope instability in the study area. The produced landslidesusceptibility map is very important for urban planners, agricultural studies, environmentalists, and futurelandslide hazardous prevention and mitigation strategies.
Keywords: Landslides, LSM, AHP, FR, GIS, and Southeast Ethiopia

This study was aimed to formulate formal and non-formal Geez language revitalization strategies by specifically exploring indigenous teaching strategies, analyzing pedagogical interfaces and needs, and assessing practical off-class revitalization strategies. Exploratory Mixed methods design was utilized an experiential qualitative design complemented by descriptive assessment to explore participants' lived experiences and perceptions. The research participants were traditional church teachers teaching Geʽez integrating with religious contents in Reading, Qene, and Literature schools under Ethiopian Orthodox Tewahedo Church (EOTC) education system. Qualitative data were gathered through in-depth interview and video-supported observations, which were analyzed thematically. The study made use of Geez language professionals and practitioners from Bahir Dar and Debre Markos Universities to prioritize relevant non-formal revitalization strategies. Findings revealed that indigenous teaching uses some teacher-centered and more student-centered indigenous methods that converge and diverge with traditional and innovative pedagogies of designing, implementing and assessing Geez language. Irrespective of the delayed learning of comprehension and minimal use of functional communication, the indigenous methods church teachers used were generally more practical and effective, especially in areas such as Qene and literature schools resulting in quicker and accurate mastery of the language. The analysis of linguistic necessities and wants revealed that all skills with the emphasis of vocabulary, grammar, reading and speaking were prioritized. Integration into church schools, media, cultural events, and language nests wre selected as significant language revitalization strategies selected for both inside and outside of school settings. The study concluded that the productive indigenous methods of teaching Geʽez could complement modern language teaching pedagogies, addressing gaps in both approaches. It recommended that language professionals learn from indigenous practices and suggested that Geʽez teachers adapt these practices with modern pedagogical principles. Lastly, language program designers and educators were encouraged to reconsider effective pedagogical interfaces to address challenges in all aspects language teaching: design, implementation and assessment.

Landslides are prevalent in the Ethiopian highlands, particularly in the east Gojjam zone, which is highly affectedby landslide problems. This research was carried out in the east Gojjam zone, northwestern Ethiopia. The studyarea is part of an economically important area in the country, and it is the main source of water for the GrandEthiopian Renaissance Dam (GERD). The main objective of this work was to undertake a detailed inventory ofpast landslide locations and prediction of present and future landslide hazards, as well as the preparation of alandslide zonation map in the East Gojjam zone by using the Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) with the GIStechnique. The parameters used for this study were slope degree, slope aspect, land use and land cover, roadproximity, rainfall, lithology, altitude, and river proximity. The various causative parameters were collected fromthe field, and suitable modifications were made to the thematic maps. Finally, the ratings for various parameterswere used as the basis to prepare the LHZ map in GIS windows. The landslide susceptibility and inventorymapping were produced in the GIS environment. The results of the study show that the main driving factors forthe landslide hazards in the area were river proximity, rainfall, and manmade activities. Validation of this LHZmap revealed that more than 80% of past landslides match within the "high hazard zone" and reasonablyaccepted the rationality of the adopted methodology. The considered parameters, as well as their evaluation ofthe production of LHZ-Map, were confirmed. The produced landslide inventory map is very important for urbanplanners, agricultural studies, environmentalists, and future landslide hazardous prevention and mitigationstrategies.
Keywords: GIS, AHP, Inventory mapping, Causative factors, Landslides

Introduction Nurse burnout negatively impacts patient care quality, safety, and outcomes, while harming nurses’mental health, job satisfaction, and retention. It also imposes financial burdens on healthcare organizations throughabsenteeism, reduced productivity, and higher turnover costs, highlighting the need for research to address thesechallenges. The umbrella review methodology was selected to integrate evidence from multiple systematic reviewsand meta-analyses, offering a broad and in-depth summary of existing research to guide practice and policy. Thisapproach equips stakeholders with a holistic understanding of the multifaceted impacts of nurse burnout, facilitatingthe design of effective interventions that support nurses, enhance healthcare delivery, and optimize patientoutcomes. Consequently, this umbrella review aims to evaluate the global prevalence and contributing factors ofnurse burnout.Methods This umbrella review included 14 systematic reviews and meta-analyses identified from various databases.The quality of each study was assessed using the Assessment of Multiple Systematic Reviews (AMSTAR II). Data wereextracted using Microsoft Excel and analyzed with STATA 17.0. Heterogeneity was measured using Higgin’s I2 Statistics,and summary prevalence estimates were calculated with the Der Simonian-Laird random-effects model. Meta-regression and subgroup analyses were conducted to identify the source of high heterogeneity. Publication bias wasassessed using funnel plots and Egger’s regression test, with the former providing a visual assessment of bias and thelatter offering a statistical method to detect asymmetry.Results The global prevalence of nurse burnout was evaluated in three areas: emotional exhaustion (33.45%, 95%CI 27.31–39.59), depersonalization (25.0%, 95% CI 17.17-33.00), and low personal accomplishment (33.49%, 95% CI28.43–38.55). Emotional exhaustion was most common among nurses working during the COVID-19 pandemic(39.23%, 95% CI 16.22–94.68). Oncology nurses experienced the highest rate of depersonalization (42%, 95% CI16.71–77.30), while nurses in intensive care units reported the highest rate of low personal accomplishment (46.02%,95% CI 43.83–48.28).
Conclusions Nurse burnout is prevalent worldwide, often marked by a sense of low personal accomplishment.Several factors contribute to this issue, including role conflict, negative emotions, family problems, moral distress,stress, commuting distance, predictability of work tasks, and workplace advancement.Keywords Nurse, Burnout, Determinant factors, And umbrella review

Introduction Depression and anxiety are prevalent psychological disorders that significantly affect physical,emotional, and social well-being, reducing quality of life and increasing medical costs. These issues are especiallychallenging for cancer survivors, complicating treatment management, affecting adherence, and potentiallyimpacting survival rates. Thus, this umbrella review aimed to evaluate the global prevalence of pain, depression, andanxiety, as well as their determinants among cancer patients.Method An exhaustive umbrella review was conducted to systematically assess the prevalence and determinants ofpain, depression, and anxiety among cancer survivors worldwide by analyzing systematic reviews and meta-analyses.The review involved a thorough search of multiple databases and included studies published in English up to July2024 that reported on these symptoms. The process involved screening and selecting studies based on specificcriteria, assessing the risk of bias using the AMSTAR tool, and analyzing data with statistical methods to determineoverall prevalence and identify predictors. This comprehensive approach aimed to provide a detailed understandingof these psychological issues in cancer survivors and guide future research and interventions.Result The global summary prevalence of depression among cancer survivors was 33.16% (95% CI 27.59–38.74),while anxiety had a prevalence of 30.55% (95% CI 24.04–37.06). Pain prevalence after treatment was 39.77% (95%CI 31.84–47.70). Before treatment, 65.22% (95% CI 62.86–67.57) of cancer patients reported pain, which persistedin 51.34% (95% CI 40.01–62.67) during treatment. The analysis also found that during the COVID-19 pandemic,depression and anxiety rates among cancer patients were at their highest, with prevalences of 43.25% (95% CI41.25–45.26) and 52.93% (95% CI 50.91–54.96), respectively.Conclusion The umbrella review found that depression and anxiety prevalence among cancer survivors was33.16% and 30.55%, respectively, with significantly higher rates during COVID-19 at 43.25% and 52.93%. Key factorscontributing to depression included poor social support, advanced cancer stage, and inadequate sleep, while anxietywas significantly linked to advanced cancer stage and poor sleep quality.
Clinical trial number Not applicable.Keywords Cancer, Oncology, Pain, Depression, Anxiety, Cancer survivors, Systematic review, Meta-analysis, Umbrellareview

The use of metal nanoparticles as antibiotics for resistant pathogens has become a current topic of research. Biosyn-thesized nanoparticles are promising drugs as antibacterial agents by inhibiting bacteria from infectious diseases. Thisstudy aimed at the synthesis and characterization of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) from AgNO 3 solution and Sida schim-periana Hochst. ex A. Rich leaves extract. The synthesized AgNPs were characterized by Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR),Ultraviolet–Visible (UV–Vis) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) spectroscopic techniques and evaluated for antibacterial activi-ties against Gram-positive (Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis) and Gram-negative (Escherichia coliand Klebsiella Pneumonia) bacteria by the disc diffusion method. The result indicated an initial color change that wasobserved below 400 nm for the leaves extract and 429 nm for AgNPs in the UV–Vis band supporting the synthesis ofsilver nanoparticles. The FTIR peaks at 3447, 1638 and 1413 cm −1 predict the hydroxyl, carbonyl and unsaturated C–Cbonds, respectively, in the plant leaves extract. The XRD analysis showed that the synthesized AgNPs were crystalline innature and face-centered cubic (FCC) structure with an average particle size of 26.27 nm. Furthermore, the synthesizednanoparticles showed antimicrobial activity to both types of bacteria, more significant being on Gram-negative bacteria(E. coli). In conclusion, the leaves extract of Sida schimperiana Hochst. ex A. Rich plant contains bioactive molecules thatare used in the reduction and stabilization of AgNPs as potential antibacterial agents.Keywords: Biosynthesis · Phytochemicals · Antimicrobial resistance · Medicinal plant · Resistant pathogens