Introduction: Currently, mortality by non-communicable diseases is increasing alarmingly. They account for approximately 35 million deaths each year, of which 14% are due to cardiovascular disease and 9.2% occur in Africa. Patients do not have access to healthcare services outside the healthcare setting, resulting in missed follow-ups and appointments and adverse outcomes. This study aimed to assess the willingness to use remote monitoring among cardiovascular patients in a resource-limited setting in Ethiopia.
Method: An institution-based cross-sectional study was conducted from April to June 2021 among cardiovascular patients at referral hospitals in Ethiopia. A structured interview questionnaire was used to collect the data. A systematic random sampling technique was used to select 397 study participants. Binary and multivariable logistic regression analyses were employed and a 95% confidence level with a p-value

Background Inadequate glycemic management in type 2 diabetes Mellitus patients is a serious public healthissue and a key risk factor for progression as well as diabetes-related complications. The main therapeutic goal ofpreventing organ damage and other problems caused by diabetes is glycemic control. Knowing when to modifyglycemic control in type 2 diabetes Mellitus is crucial for avoiding complications and early drug intensifications.Methods An institutional based retrospective follow-up study was undertaken among 514 eligible adult diabetespatients in Amhara region Comprehensive Specialized Hospitals, Northwest Ethiopia, from January 2017 to January2022. Simple random sampling technique was used to select study participants. The Kaplan Meier curve was usedto assess the survival status of categorical variables, and the log-rank test was used to compare them. The coxproportional hazard model was fitted to identify the predictors of time to first optimal glycemic control. Variables witha p-value < 0.05 were considered to be statistically significance at 95% confidence interval.Results A total of 514 patient records (227 males and 287 females) were reviewed in this study. The median time tofirst optimal glycemic control among the study population was 8.4 months IQR (7.6–9.7). The predictors that affect thetime to first optimal glycemic control were age group ((AHR = 0.63, 95% CI = 0.463, 0.859 for 50–59 years), (AHR = 0.638,95% CI = 0.471, 0.865 for 60–69 years), and (AHR = 0.480, 95% CI = 0.298, 0.774 for > = 70 years)), diabetes neuropathy(AHR = 0.629, 95% CI = 0.441,0.900), hypertension (AHR = 0.667, 95% CI = 0.524, 0.848), dyslipidemia (AHR = 0.561, 95%CI = 0.410, 0.768), and cardiovascular disease (AHR = 0.681, 95% CI = 0.494, 0.938).Conclusion The median time to initial optimal glycemic control in type 2 diabetes Mellitus patients in this study wasshort. Age between 50 and 59 years and 60–69, diabetes neuropathy, hypertension, dyslipidemia, and cardiovascular
disease were predictor’s of time to first glycemic control. Therefore, health care providers should pay extra attentionfor patients who are aged and who have complications or co-morbidities.Keywords:  Adults, First optimal glycemic control, Type 2 diabetes mellitus, Ethiopia

Introduction One of the most important but underappreciated roles of nurses is patient advocacy. To advocatefor patients effectively, the nurses should have a favorable attitude towards patient advocacy. Despite this fact, thenurses’ attitude towards patient advocacy was not known in Ethiopia. Thus, this study aimed to assess nurses’ attitudetowards patient advocacy and its associated factors in East Gojjam Zone Public Hospitals, Northwest in 2023.Methods Institutional-based cross-sectional study design was conducted among 385 nurses in East Gojjam ZonePublic Hospitals from March 1 to April 30, 2023. Nurses were selected using simple random sampling techniquesfrom 11 public hospitals. The data were collected in a self-administered way. Binary logistic regression was used fordata analysis. All independent variables having a P value of < 0.25 in the bivariable logistic regression were fitted intoa multivariable logistic regression. The AOR at a 95% confidence interval was used to identify the strength of theassociation, and a p value of 0.05 was used to declare it statistically significant at the final model.Result A total of 385 nurses participated in the study, for a 91% response rate. Among these, 49.9% of nurses hadan unfavorable attitude. Being working in a primary hospital [AOR = 2.3; 95% CI: (1.4–3.8)], poor cooperation ofnurses [AOR = 1.7; 95% CI: (1.1–2.8)], being unsatisfied with the job [AOR = 1.7; 95% CI: (1.1–2.7)], and poor perceivedsupervision of work [AOR = 6.2; 95% CI: (3.7–9.8)] were factors associated with nurses’ attitudes towards patientadvocacy.Conclusion The number of nurses who had an unfavorable attitude towards patient advocacy was high. Workingin a primary hospital, poor cooperation with others, being dissatisfied with the job, and having an unfavorableperception towards the supervision of work were the factors associated with the unfavorable attitude of nursestowards patient advocacy. It is recommended that all hospitals better support the nurses to increase their jobsatisfaction and have good supervision of the nurses’ activities.Keywords Advocacy, Attitude, Nurse

Background Due to the high burden of mortality from acute communicable and non-communicable diseases,emergency department’s mortality has become one of the major health indices in Ethiopia that should be evaluatedregularly in every health institution. However, there are inconsistencies between studies, and there is no systematicreview or meta-analysis study about the prevalence of mortality in the emergency department. Therefore, this studyaimed to determine the pooled prevalence of mortality and identify its determinants in the emergency departmentsof Ethiopian hospitals.Methods This systematic review was conducted according to the guidelines of Preferred Reporting Items forSystematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) and has been registered with PROSPERO. A structured search ofdatabases (Medline/PubMed, Google Scholar, CINAHL, EMBASE, HINARI, and Web of Science) was undertaken. Allobservational studies reporting the prevalence of mortality of patients in emergency departments of Ethiopianhospitals, and published in English up to December 16, 2023, were considered for this review. Two reviewersindependently assess the quality of the studies using the Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) critical appraisal tool. A meta-analysis using a random-effects model was performed to estimate the pooled prevalence. The heterogeneity ofstudies was assessed using I2 statistics, and to identify the possible causes of heterogeneity, subgroup analysis andmeta-regression were used. Egger’s test and funnel plots were used to assess publication bias. STATA version 17.0software was used for all the statistical analyses. A p-value less than 0.05 was used to declare statistical significance.Results A total of 1363 articles were retrieved through electronic search databases. Subsequently, eighteen studiescomprised 21,582 study participants were included for analysis. The pooled prevalence of mortality among patients inthe Emergency Department (ED) was 7.71% (95% CI: 3.62, 11.80). Regional subgroup analysis showed that the pooledprevalence of mortality was 16.7%, 12.89%, 10.28%, and 4.35% in Dire Dawa, Amhara, Oromia, and Addis Ababa,respectively. Moreover, subgroup analysis based on patients’ age revealed that the pooled prevalence of mortalityamong adults and children was 8.23% (95% CI: 3.51, 12.94) and 4.48% (95% CI: 2.88, 6.08), respectively. Being a ruralresident (OR; 2.30, 95% CI: 1.48, 3.58), unconsciousness (OR; 3.86, 95% CI: 1.35, 11.04), comorbidity (OR; 2.82, 95% CI:1.56, 5.09), and time to reach a nearby health facility (OR; 4.73, 95% CI: 2.19, 10.21) were determinants of mortality forpatients in the emergency departments.
Conclusion and recommendations This study found that the overall prevalence of mortality among patients inemergency departments of Ethiopian hospitals was high, which requires collaboration between all stakeholdersto improve outcomes. Being a rural resident, unconsciousness, comorbidity, and time elapsed to reach healthfacilities were determinants of mortality. Improving pre-hospital care, training healthcare providers, early referral, andimproving first-line management at referral hospitals will help to reduce the high mortality in our country.Keywords Associated factors, Emergency department, Ethiopia, Meta-analysis, Mortality

BackgroundIn the intensive care unit (ICU), mechanical ventilation (MV) is a typical way of respiratorysupport. The severity of the illness raises the likelihood of death in patients who require MV.Several studies have been done in Ethiopia; however, the mortality rate differs among them.The objective of this systematic review and meta-analysis is to provide a pooled prevalenceof mortality and associated factors among ICU-admitted patients receiving MV in Ethiopianhospitals.MethodsWe used the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses(PRISMA) 2020 criteria to conduct a comprehensive systematic review and meta-analysisin this study. We searched PubMed/Medline, SCOPUS, Embase, Hinari, and Web of Sci-ence and found 22 articles that met our inclusion criteria. We used a random-effects model.To identify heterogeneity within the included studies, meta-regression and subgroup analy-sis were used. We employed Egger’s regression test and funnel plots for assessing publica-tion bias. STATA version 17.0 software was used for all statistical analyses.ResultsIn this systematic review and meta-analysis, the pooled prevalence of mortality among 7507ICU-admitted patients from 22 articles, who received MV was estimated to be 54.74% [95%CI = 47.93, 61.55]. In the subgroup analysis by region, the Southern Nations, Nationalities,
and Peoples (SNNP) subgroup (64.28%, 95% CI = 51.19, 77.37) had the highest preva-lence. Patients with COVID-19 have the highest mortality rate (75.80%, 95% CI = 51.10,100.00). Sepsis (OR = 6.85, 95%CI = 3.24, 14.46), Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) score

Introduction: One of the main complications for stroke patients is aspiration pneumonia, which is an acute lunginfection brought on by the entry of endogenous flora and various bodily substances from the gastrointestinaltract into the respiratory system. Aspiration pneumonia following a stroke was linked to older age, gender,dysarthria, denture use, cerebral atrophy, and basal ganglia-infarcted foci. Despite improvements in care, theepidemiological and prognostic effects of pneumonia associated with stroke are increasing mortality andmorbidity.Objective: To assess the pooled prevalence of aspiration pneumonia among stroke patients in Ethiopia.Methods: Several databases, including PubMed/MEDLINE, EMBASE, Scopus, Google Scholar, African JournalsOnline (AJOL), grey literature, and articles from the repository of Ethiopian universities, were examined to findavailable articles. The data were extracted and sorted in Microsoft Excel and exported to STATA/MP 17.0 foranalysis. The Newcastle-Ottawa (NOS) was employed to assess each study’s qualities. A weighted inverse vari-ance random-effects model with a 95 % confidence interval was used to examine the pooled prevalence ofaspiration pneumonia. The Galbraith plot and funnel plot were used to evaluate heterogeneity and publicationbias, respectively. To identify the possible cause of heterogeneity, subgroup analysis and meta-regression wereperformed. P-values less than 0.05 were considered statistically significant.Result: The pooled prevalence of aspiration pneumonia among stroke patients in Ethiopia was 31.65 % (95 % CI:25.30–38.01). Visual examination of the Galbraith plot reveals the presence of significant heterogeneity (I2 =96.55 %, p < 0.001). Studies conducted in Addis Ababa and Harar revealed the highest prevalence of aspirationpneumonia: 37.67 % (95 % CI: 31.56, 43.78). Similarly, articles carried out before 2020 and studies done usingcross-sectional study design revealed the highest proportion of aspiration pneumonia: 32.97 % (95 % CI: 24.96,40.98) and 36.75 (95 % CI: 32.11, 41.38), respectively.Conclusion: Nearly one-third of stroke patients developed aspiration pneumonia. The highest prevalence wasreported in Addis Ababa and Harar regions. As a result, early detection, treatment, and control of stroke areadvisable to prevent the occurrence of aspiration pneumonia.
Keywords: Aspiration pneumonia, Stroke, Cerebrovascular accident, Systematic review, Meta-analysis, Ethiopia