Background: Digital health data hubs contribute significantly to finding the right solutions to health problems, which forms the basis for achieving sustainable development goals. However, in Ethiopia, the health system has been coming to one central hub for all data, there is limited evidence of health professionals' intentions to use these systems. Understanding their intentions is crucial, as this can significantly improve the advancement of digital health in healthcare organizations. This study assessed health professionals' intention to use digital health data hubs in hospitals in East Gojjam, northwest Ethiopia, in 2024.
Methods: A cross-sectional study design was used to conduct the study. Eleven hospitals were included in the study area. Using an a priori structural equation modeling sample size calculator, the total sample size was 616. Stratified proportional allocation sampling was performed. The study participants were selected using a systematic sample. Structural equation modeling (SEM) was used for the analysis. Because it is a more powerful multivariate technique for testing and evaluating multivariate causal relationships. The assumptions of SEM-like normality, average variance extracted (AVE), composite reliability (CR), Cronbach's alpha, confirmatory factor analysis (CFA), and model specifications were checked using Amos and Stata version 16.

Enhancing heat transfer in thermal systems is crucial for energy efficiency. The use of Nano-fluids and twistedtape inserts in circular pipes are the most widely used passive heat transfer improvement techniques. Whilenanofluids, especially CuO-water, enhance thermal conductivity, twisted tapes create swirl flow to disturbboundary layers. The Nusselt number, friction factor, and thermal performance parameters of a circular pipecontaining Nano-fluids and twisted tapes at 180 and 120 degrees are studied numerically in this work. Thetwisted tape inserts are modeled as idealized helical baffles to induce secondary swirl flows, thereby disruptingthermal boundary layers and improving heat exchange. The research yields findings for a strip twist ratio of threeand a turbulent flow range of Re 4000–20,000. The RNG k–ε model is utilized to solve the governing equationsand a steady heat flux of 30,000 W/m2 is supplied. The highest simulation findings of Nusselt number for Nano-fluid are 5.25, 9.85, and 12.5 % higher in comparison to Gnielinski relations of water for plain tube and twistedtape inserts at 180 and 120 degrees respectively. However, increased pressure drop is noted as a trade-off, theoverall thermal performance factor of 1.42 was achieved for Nano-fluid flow in a pipe with a 120◦ twisted tapeinsert which yields a significant heat transfer improvement.
Keywords: CuO-water nano-fluid, Turbulent flow, Twisted tape, Heat transfer enhancement, CFD

Multidimensional poverty, encompassing deprivations in education, health, and living standards, is a significant challenge in rural Ethiopia. Despite various development initiatives, poverty remains pervasive in the West Gojjam Zone of northern Ethiopia. This study aims to assess the extent of multidimensional poverty in this region and identify key factors contributing to the likelihood of households experiencing it.
Methods
A cross-sectional survey was conducted in the West Gojjam Zone, involving 628 rural households selected through a multi-stage sampling approach. Descriptive statistics were used to calculate the multidimensional poverty index (MPI), focusing on poverty incidence, gap, and severity. A binary logistic regression model was applied to examine the relationship between household characteristics and the likelihood of being multidimensionally poor.

Backgrounds Poverty is a complex and multifaceted global public health issue, particularly prevalent in Ethiopia,including the East Gojjam Zone. Previous studies on poverty have largely relied on unidimensional measures,providing limited evidence on multidimensional poverty (MP). Therefore, this study tried to assess the prevalenceand identify the associated factors of MP among rural households in selected woredas of East Gojjam Zone, NorthernEthiopia.Methods A community-based cross-sectional study was conducted in the fall of 2020 in randomly selectedworedas of East Gojjam zone, involving 770 rural households. Multistage cluster sampling was used, and data werecollected through structured, interviewer-administered questionnaires covering eleven MP indicators. The globalmultidimensional poverty index (MPI) was applied to assess poverty status. The multivariable partial proportionalodds model (PPOM) was employed to identify the associated factors of MP, and variables with a p-value < 0.05 wereconsidered as significant.Results Among 770 rural households considered 37.27% (25.45% moderately and 11.82% severely) of them wereclassified as multidimensionally poor. The standard of living dimension accounted for the largest contribution to MP.Household head aged, 30–45years (AOR = 1.78, 95% CI: 1.01, 3.15) and those over 45 years (AOR = 2.75, 95% CI: 1.42,5.33), weather condition(Kolla) (AOR = 1.79, 95%CI: 1.05, 3.07), experiencing drought in the preceding 12 months(AOR = 1.65, 95% CI: 1.12, 2.41), dependency ratio (AOR = 1.34, 95%CI: 1.13,1.59), and adult equivalence (AOR = 1.13,95%CI: 1.07,1.19) were more likely to experience MP. Conversely, marital status (being married) (AOR = 0.36, 95%CI:0.21, 0.64), woreda, Machakel (AOR = 0.56, 95%CI: 0.36, 0.86), Sinan (AOR = 0.53, 95%CI: 0.29, 0.95), and road accessibilityin the village (AOR = 0.55, 95%CI: 0.37, 0.81) were significantly associated with lower odds of MP among ruralhouseholds in the study area.
Conclusion: Approximately 37% of rural household’s experience moderate to severe MP, and living standardsdimension accounted for the largest contribution. Various socio-demographic, agro-ecological, and related factorshave been identified to rural MP. To address this issue, stakeholders should prioritize to promote climate-resilientagriculture and strengthening drought coping mechanisms. Furthermore, it is essential to account for the variations inpoverty levels across different administrative units and ecological zones to effectively eradicate poverty among ruralhouseholds.Keywords: East Gojjam zone, Ethiopia, Multidimensional poverty, Partial proportional odds model, Rural household

BackgroundPost-intensive Care Syndrome (PICS) is defined as various physical, psycho-logical, and cognitive, impairments that can arise during an ICU stay, continueafter leaving the ICU, or even persist following hospital discharge. It impactsboth patients and their family’s quality of life. Various primary studies worldwidehave reported prevalence of PICS among ICU survivors. However, these studiesexhibit inconsistency and wide variations. Therefore, this systematic review andmeta-analysis aimed to estimate the pooled prevalence of post intensive caresyndrome among intensive care unit survivors along with its association with ICUlength of stay.MethodsWe used the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses(PRISMA) 2020 checklist for this review. We searched PubMed/Medline, CINHAL,Embase, and Google scholar to retrieve articles. The Newcastle Ottawa Scale (NOS)was used for quality assessment of articles. The random effects model with I-squaredtest was used to estimate the prevalence of PICS and its association with ICU lengthof stay. To identify the source of heterogeneity within the included studies, meta-regression and subgroup analysis were used. We employed Egger’s regression testand funnel plots for assessing publication bias. STATA version 17.0 software wasused for all statistical analyses. A p-value of < 0.05 with 95% confidence interval wasused declare statistically significant.
ResultsA total of 19 articles with a population of 10179 ICU-survivors were included in thisreview. The pooled prevalence of PICS was found to be 54.35% (95% CI = 45.54,63.15). In sub-group analysis by region, the highest prevalence was observed instudies done in south and north America with overall prevalence of 61.95% (95%CI = 28.33, 95.62). Among the three domains of PICS (physical, cognitive and mentaldomains), the highest prevalence score was observed in the physical domain withoverall prevalence of 45.99% (95% CI = 34.66, 57.31). In this meta-analysis, thosepatients who stayed more than four days in the ICU were 1.207 [95% CI = 1.119,1.295] times more likely to develop at least one among the three domains of PICS inthe post-intensive care period than their counterparts.ConclusionThis systematic review and meta-analysis demonstrate a high prevalence of PICSamong ICU survivors, and highlight the significant association between ICU lengthof stay and the development of PICS. These findings underscore the need for tar-geted interventions to mitigate the long-term effects of critical illness, particularly forpatients with prolonged ICU stays.

Introduction: Tungiasis is an overlooked tropical disease resulting from the penetration of the skin by sand fleas. It leads to significant suffering and can be fatal, particularly affecting school age children and elders, primarily above 60 years old, in rural and urban slums across Sub-Saharan Africa. Despite its great public health consequences, the condition remains largely under reported by the scientific communities mainly in Sub Saharan African countries.
Objective: To assess the prevalence of Tungiasis and associated factors among school-age children in Sub-Saharan Africa.

Introduction
Dyslipidemia is a major risk factor for cardiovascular disease, with its prevalence steadily rising in both developed and developing nations. An unhealthy lifestyle significantly contributes to the development of dyslipidemia, with smoking being a well-known risk factor.

Integration of nonlinear loads in modern power systems has led to many issues arising mainly dueto the generation of harmonic currents and the presence of reactive power, both having adverseeffects on power quality and grid stability. Harmonic currents cause increased losses, overheatingof equipment, and voltage distortions, while reactive power imbalances result in inefficiencies inpower delivery and compromised system performance. To overcome these problems, a Shunt ActivePower FIlter design and an optimal control strategy for harmonic mitigation and reactive powercompensation are proposed in this paper. The design incorporates an optimized anti-windup PIcontroller for DC-link voltage regulation and an optimized output filter to enhance the quality of theinjected current. This design is formulated as an optimization problem and solved using the GoldenJackal Optimizer. MATLAB/Simulink simulations validate the proposed method under differentoperating conditions, covering dynamic change of loads and unbalanced grid conditions. The resultshows a remarkable reduction in Total Harmonic Distortion (THD) of grid current, and reactive powercompensation meanwhile maintaining the stability of the grid.Keywords:  Golden Jackal optimization, Shunt active power filter (SAPF), Optimal control, Power quality,Current harmonics compensation

Background Despite global efforts to mitigate COVID-19 infection through vaccination and therapeutic interven-tions, morbidity and mortality rates continued at variable rates. Although mortality risk and clinical features of COVID-19 are well-documented, recovery patterns and prognostic factors post-admission remain inconclusive, particu-larly in resource-limited settings like Ethiopia. This systematic review and meta-analysis (SRM) aimed to estimatethe pooled incidence rate of recovery and predictors among hospitalized COVID-19 patients in Ethiopia.Methods We searched (N = 1,191) articles using Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Anal-yses (PRISMA) guideline from PubMed/MEDLINE (N = 755), Scopus (N = 137), Web of Science (N = 84), Science Direct(N = 148), Cochran (N = 25), and Google Scholar searching (N = 42) from December 2019 to February 2024. The datawere extracted using a Microsoft Excel spreadsheet and exported to Stata TM version 17.0 for further analysis. The Arti-cle quality was assessed using the Joanna Briggs Institute checklist. The pooled incidence rate of recovery was esti-mated using a weighted inverse variance random-effects meta-regression. Heterogeneity among studies was evalu-ated using the I2 statistic. Subgroup analyses and sensitivity tests were also conducted to explore publication bias. Thisfile is registered in international Prospero with ID (CRD42024518569).Result Sixteen (N = 16) published studies with 7,676 hospitalized COVID-19 patients were included in the finalreport. The mean age of participants ranged from 29 (± 17) to 57.5 (± 3) years, with male patients constitutingthe largest proportion of participants, 4,491(58.5%). During recovery screening, 6,304(82.21%) cases were dischargedas improved, 159 (2.1%) attriters, and 818 (10.6%) died during inpatient treatment. The pooled incidence of recovery,mortality, and attrition rates were found to be 82.32% (95% CI: 78.81–85.83; I 2 = 94.8%), 14.3% (I2 = 98.45%), and 2.7%(I 2 = 81.34%), respectively. Incidence of recovery rate varied across regions and epidemic phases, with the highest rateobserved in Addis Ababa (89.94%, I 2 = 78.33%) and the lowest reported in the Tigray region (59.7%, I2 = 0.0%). Acrossepidemic phases, the recovery rate was 88.05% (I 2 = 29.56%) in Phase II, 84.09% (I2 = 97.57%) in Phase I, and 78.92%(I 2 = 96.9%) in Phase III, respectively. Factors included being aged 15–30 years (pooled OR = 2.01), male sex (pooledOR = 1.46), no dyspnea (pooled OR = 2.4; I 2 = 79%), and no baseline comorbidities (pooled OR = 1.15; I2 = 89.3%) werepredictors for recovery.Conclusion and recommendation In Ethiopia, more than eight out of ten hospitalized COVID-19 patientsrecovered after inpatient treatment. However, the incidence of recovery rates varied significantly across epidemicphases, study settings, and regions. Factors including younger age, male sex, no dyspnea (shortness of breathing), and no underlying comorbidity heightened recovery. It is highly recommended those inpatients cares should focuson high-risk groups (older adults) and implement standardized treatment protocols in each study setting. Regionswith lower recovery rates need aid in logistical support and training for healthcare providers.Keywords Admitted patients, COVID-19 infection, Ethiopia, SARS-CoV- 2 cases

Background: Community-based health insurance (CBHI) is an emerging form of microhealth insurance that relies on theprinciple of solidarity, with community members pooling money to help with medical expenses. The level of household heads’satisfaction with CBHI schemes is more likely to affect their decision to remain enrolled and the entrance of new members.However, studies regarding household heads’ satisfaction with the CBHI schemes are scarce in Ethiopia. Therefore, this studyaimed to determine the level of satisfaction with CBHI schemes and associated factors among heads of households inNorthwest Ethiopia.Methods: A community-based cross-sectional study was conducted from March 1–30, 2022. A stratified random samplingtechnique with multistage sampling was used to select 604 study participants. A face-to-face interview was conducted using apretested structured questionnaire. Both bivariable and multivariable logistic regression analyses were conducted. An adjustedodds ratio (AOR) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) was computed to evaluate the strength of the association, and variableswith a p value < 0 05 at a 95% CI were considered statistically significant.Results: This study found that about 56.1% of household heads were satisfied with the CBHI schemes. Being older age(AOR = 1 85; 95% CI: 1.17, 2.94), rural residence (AOR = 4 13; 95% CI: 2.24, 7.62), visited only health center (AOR = 0 34;95% CI: 0.20, 0.55), distance from a health facility (AOR = 3 18; 95% CI: 1.82, 5.55), agreement with prescribed drugs(AOR = 2 31; 95% CI: 1.36, 3.92), friendliness with healthcare provider (AOR = 3 65; 95% CI: 2.18, 6.10), and had a goodknowledge of benefit packages (AOR = 3 00; 95% CI: 1.93, 4.67) were significantly associated with household head satisfaction.Conclusion: The overall satisfaction of household heads with the CBHI schemes was good. The type of health facility visited,residence, age, distance from health facilities, relationship with healthcare providers, agreement with prescribed medications,and knowledge of community based health insurance were significantly associated with participants’ satisfaction. Thus, thesefindings suggest that improving access to healthcare services, fostering better relationships between healthcare providers andbeneficiaries, and enhancing awareness of CBHI benefits could further increase satisfaction levels among households.Keywords: community-based health insurance (CBHI); Ethiopia; household; satisfaction